Thermal Biosensors Bioactivity Bioaffinity The more resource materials can be recycled, the richer we will be. There is a never-ending search for better living conditions for human beings. Renewable resources are inevitably of great importance in the years to come. Finally, recent advances in the use of lignocellulosic biomass for the p- duction of ethanol and organic acids are presented in two articles. A contribution is presented which describes the research perspectives in that area. In recent years, there has been increasing interests in recycling and the reuse of scrap paper as well as environment considerations. An article on genetically engineered Saccharomyces for simulteaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose describes the importance advances made in production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. A great deal of progress has been made in genetic engineering for improved regulation of xylose fermentation by yeasts. The most recent advances in this area is also covered. Dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose continues to be of interest as well as potentially useful. Two articles on cellulase production by submerged fermentation and by solid state fementation are included to describe the state of the art in this area. The cost of cellulases has been a hindrance to large scale use of enzymatic hydrolysis. It starts with two articles on genetics and properties of cellulases and their re- tion kinetics and mechanisms. This volume describes recent advances in the bioconversion of lignocellulosics.
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